Introduction to audio-the principle of better matching of audio amplifiers.Bar sound engineering Ven

　　In the field of professional sound reinforcement, the configuration of audio equipment is very elegant, and the configuration of the power amplifier and speakers is the most important. Although some speaker production instructions recommend the specific brand or model of the audio amplifier to the user, But there are still limitations, because users often face many types of power amplifiers and have no way of starting.

　　There are many aspects involved in the configuration of power amplifiers and speakers, such as power amplifier brand, power tube type selection, and which power amplifier should be configured for low-sensitivity speakers. The specific configuration of power amplifiers and speakers is generally related to the designer's experience, hobbies, listening habits and other factors, and it is difficult to find a unified standard. Sometimes we encounter some users or designers who often configure speakers with lower power amplifiers in order to save money, and some users configure speakers with high power amplifiers for the so-called "sufficient power reserve". Obviously, this is inappropriate. The important thing is that this configuration will cause damage to the device. In the power amplifier and speaker configuration, the power of the power amplifier is indeed the key, that is to say, the principle of determining the power of the power amplifier should be unified.

　　Everyone knows that after the acoustic design of the hall, the speaker power needs to be determined according to a series of calculations, and then the speaker power is used to determine the power of the audio amplifier. But how to match the power of the two to achieve a better match?

　　First of all, in the 20Hz~20kHz of the human hearing domain, music signals that really concentrate a lot of energy are generally in the middle, low, and frequency bands, and the energy of the high frequency band is only equivalent to 1/10 of the energy of the middle and low frequency bands. Therefore, the power loss of the treble of the general speaker is much lower than that of the woofer in order to balance the high and bass; and the audio amplifier is like a current modulator. Under the control of its input audio signal, it outputs different currents to the speaker to make it happen. For sounds of different sizes, under certain impedance conditions, it is actually very easy to make a power amplifier with a nominal power of 200W reach 400W or several times the output, but the distortion (THD) of the power amplifier will greatly increase, and this distortion mainly produces In the high-frequency harmonics of the medium and low-frequency signals, the greater the distortion, the greater the energy of the high-frequency harmonics, and these high-frequency distortion signals will enter the tweeter along with the high-frequency music signal, which is why the low-power amplifier The cause of burning the tweeter will occur when pushing the loudspeaker. In the concept of many people, as long as the power amplifier power is large, it is possible to burn the speakers. Although some power amplifiers do not have a distortion indicator, due to the inherent inadequacy of the equipment configuration, distortion may occur from time to time in use, and the distortion indicator has no meaning at this time. Moreover, due to the limitations of the user's experience and quality, the distortion of the power amplifier is often easily overlooked.

　　Secondly, the power configuration of the audio power amplifier and speakers has a certain relationship with the target loudness and the occasion of use. Under a certain target loudness, the dynamics of the music signal should be fully guaranteed on each piece of equipment. If the power of the amplifier is too large and its gain setting is very small, the loudness has reached the requirement, but then the gain of the amplifier is limited. The dynamic range of the signal. Therefore, the power of the power amplifier should not be too large; otherwise, since it is a waste of money, it will bring about the trouble of loudness and music dynamics and the overload of the speakers. Based on past experience, there are differences in places such as general language, music amplification venues, and large dynamic discos. There are general sound reinforcement places with small signal fluctuations, and there is no need for a power amplifier to provide a large current to the speakers for a long time or quickly. Therefore, the power of the power amplifier should be lower than that of a strong and powerful large dynamic sound reinforcement place; in addition, the so-called "power reserve" "It should also be for speakers. It is worth noting that the choice of power amplifier must be determined by the speaker, and there should not be a "power reserve" concept to configure the power amplifier. In other words, under a certain target loudness, the speaker can be larger than the design value for different purposes, and the power of the power amplifier should be strictly determined by the speaker without much flexibility.

　　In short, the specific standard for the power configuration of audio power amplifiers and speakers should be: under certain impedance conditions, the power of the amplifier should be greater than the power of the speakers, but not too large. In general applications, the non-distortion rate of the power amplifier should be about 1.2-1.5 times the rated power of the speaker; and in large dynamic situations, it should be about 1.5-2 times. Configure with reference to this standard, since it can ensure that the power amplifier works in a better state, and the safety of the speakers, even for inexperienced operators, as long as it is not a serious operation error or improper adjustment of the front-level peripheral equipment, The speaker and power amplifier work in a stable state.

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