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　　1. Related Acoustic Principles

　　(一)、What is the fundamental tone?

　　Everyone should know that the sounds of nature are not composed of a single frequency. Most of them are a kind of compound sound, and the fundamental sound refers to the lowest frequency component of the compound sound. The fundamental tone is like the foundation of a house. If there is not enough fundamental tone in a tone, the whole tone will change. Therefore, it is very important for us sound engineers to tune the fundamental part of the sound.

　　(two), what are harmonics?

　　Harmonics are called partials in physics, harmonics in electroacoustics, and overtones in music. We know that the sounds produced by everything in nature are various, with different timbres and complex waveforms. In addition to the basic frequency waveform (fundamental tone), this complex waveform will also have a series of resonant frequencies. , Which is the so-called: overtone, it has a certain relationship with the main tone: overtone relationship, and overtones can be divided into even overtones and odd overtones: 2, 4, 6, 8, etc. are even overtones, 3, 5, 7, 9... etc. are odd overtones. For example, when the pitch frequency is 50 Hz, the second overtone is 100 Hz, and the third overtone is 150 Hz.

　　(3), the role of harmonics

　　Knowing what harmonics (overtones) are, what is the use of overtones? Let’s take the piano as an example: the lowest audio frequency of a piano is around 30Hz, the highest audio frequency is around 4000Hz, and the piano has more than a dozen overtones, and its high The frequency can reach about 20000Hz. And these overtones can be divided into low frequency overtones, mid frequency overtones and high frequency overtones. If the low-frequency overtone is moderate, the tone will be thick and full; if the mid-frequency overtone is moderate, the tone will be round, natural, and harmonious; if the high-frequency overtone is moderate, the tone will be bright, clear, strong, and capable. Penetration. Therefore, in addition to the most basic fundamental tone, a sound will also have corresponding overtones, and the impact of these overtones on timbre is crucial. For example, various musical instruments can produce overtone components with different amounts and strengths in different playing methods, so different musical instruments will have different timbres.

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